Clinical Research Laboratory gram-mold poisoning in a herd of mules in Bajura district of Nepal
Clinical Research Laboratory-gram mold poisoning in a herd of mules in Bajura district of Nepal.
Dr. Kedar Karki Senior Veterinary Officer Central Veterinary Laboratory Tripureswor.
Narayan Mandal Dr.Ram Livestock Development Officer DSLO Bajura Nepal
Abstract:
A clinical epidemiological syndrome sudden death due to 22 mules from a herd of 1,400 died within 0ctober November 2009 in Bajura District Nepal. These animals were used for the good work transport in the mountainous region of Nepal. In these defeat the animals were being fed only healthy-looking grame.Normally all animals began to die suddenly. Initially suspected acute bacterial disease and treated with broad spectrum antibiotics and vaccinated with bacterial vaccine.On close observation of the population in its revealed animal feed grains fed to these animals during the rainy season was found 55-60% moldy in appearance. In the postmortem examination congestion severe acute bleeding in the liver, lungs, heart, spleen and intestinal mucosa were found. While lesions in the cerebral cortex was found either multifocal areas of hemorrhage and necrosis, the presence of large cavitations of liquefaction necrosis of tissue histopathology of these organs revealed infiltration of mononuclear cells in tissue indicative of chronic nature of mind condition.Continous use 55-60% moldy grain (g) was used for food. The laboratory analysis of grain samples it was found that contains 22.00000 to 83.00000 CFU / g of Penicillium spp of fungus. When remaining herd still using same feed treated with toxin binding Antidegnala loquor (varishta), liver tonic and immunocare hepatocare controlled the mortality may be indicative of the disease syndrome being caused by moldy corn poisoning similar to condition Equine Encephalomalacia.Laboratory results and treatment response indicates that during the rainy season and immediately after the rainy season feeding of stored grains will be detrimental to the equine species. During this period care should be taken to feeding grains to this animal if treated with any folder of the toxin, as well as herbal immunomodulater will reduce the probability of occurrence of this syndrome.
Keyword:
Equinelukoencephalomalcia, mold poisoning gram, hepatocare, Varishta, liquor Antidegnala, immunocare, mule Bajura, Nepal, Penicillium, UFC.
Background:
In Bajura District Barjugad Far western Nepal in the month of October-November 2009 1400 pack mules looked dying suddenly with symptoms as excessive sweating, tremors and lying on the floor. Within a month in the death mules 5-6 week interval was reported that did not respond to supportive therapy antibiotics and others. After obtaining a thorough history and complete physical examination no gross lesions associated with the disease is present in the rest of the mule in the herd. it was discovered that the mules were fed cracked and moldy and sets grams of rice was collected from the stacked bags in local stores. The mortality herd of mules in this area in the same season was reported in the year 2006 2007 and 2008 with mortality recorded as 3, 6, 33, while this year a total of 22 the death of the mule was recorded.Post-mortem examination of the death of Mula revealed severe congestion of the liver, lung, Speen, heart, fluid in the chest serosangqinus cavity.Haemorrhage in the mucosa of the stomach. At necropsy, lesions in the cerebral cortex was no multifocal areas of hemorrhage and necrosis, the presence of large cavitation liquefaction necrosis.For blood.Liver bacterial culture, lung, spleen, brain and heart tissue were collected on ice and for histopathological examination were collected in the same tissues formaline.Blood stool samples for endoparasite examination.Feedgrains: Maize, Grame for identification mycological culture was quantitification collected.Mules in herds were treated with 2% 5 ml of liquor Antidegnala S / C, followed by 2 ml orally for 5 days Varishta 10g/100kg toxinbinder feed grain Hepatocare liquid, liquid immunocare immunomodulator for 10-15 days, such as treating and preventing further measure.No mortality in the flock was reported.
Results and Discussion:
bacteriological culture of the tissue sample, blood revealed no growth of any examination revealed mixed bacteria.Fecal Strongyels spp.
Penicillium spp on mycological media.22.00000 CFU / g of mold colonies recorded in samples of rice supply route and 83.00000CFU/gm mold colonies gram of food sample was revealed degeneration recorded.Histopathological changes fat cells infiltrating hepatocytes.Mononuclear nodules in the liver of some. Perivascular cuffs. The infiltration of mononuclear cells nodules in the lungs. Deep medullary region reveals infiltration of mononuclear cells in the kidney.
The number of white blood cells appear be greater in the area of splenic white pulp. There were multifocal areas of liquefaction necrosis in the cerebral cortex with infiltration of macrophages. Given that approximately 55-60% gram mold Penicillium spp infestated to be fed regularly to these sudden death, but herd.Intermitent acute during the rainy season after suggest that death due to fungal toxin. Dr. Steve Hooser and Dr. Duane Murphy 2003 reported histopathological changes in lung tissue, liver, brain kidney of a center of necrosis with no recognizable structure will be observed in moldy corn poisoning in horses. The transition between normal and necrotic tissue often bleeding, edema, congestion of blood vessels and neuronophagia. In animals with the hepatotoxic syndrome, the liver becomes swollen and a yellow-brown diffuse. Irregular nodules and pale foci can be seen in the liver parenchyma. Karki 2003 reported revealed the pathogenicity of Fusarium that causes liver congestion triaditis with mild pulmonary congestion, and splenic lymphoid hyperplasia.Further more positive response to treatment with toxinbinder, adaptogen, confirmed immunomdulater even sudden death was due to moldy corn poisoning. continue to monitor the completion of this research is suggested.
Conclusion:
The results of this investigation indicates that moldy feed grains and ingredients are infested with toxic fungus is emerging as a threat to new health for livestock and the use of poultry.Simultonious toxinbinder as livertonic adaptogen and mineralmixture Immunomodulaters drug promises to help minimize risk health in livestock and poultry production should be studied.
References:
1: moldy corn POISONING HORSES: (Russell equine leukoencephalomalacia Marcos, PhD, Department of Animal Sciences Don Scott, PhD, Department of Botany and Plant Pathology William Hope, DVM, Department Veterinary Clinical Sciences Cooperative Extension Service Purdue University in West Lafayette, IN 47907, TECHNICAL Boletim N ยบ 15 – http://www.micotoxinas.com.br/ Retrieved on 21/12/2009
2: FINAL DIAGNOSIS-moldy corn poisoning (leukoencephalomalacia equine Fumonisin Toxicity) in horses: Dr. Steve Hooser, Toxicologist ADDL Dr. Duane Murphy, ADDL Pathologist Spring 2003 Newsletter http / / www.addl.purdue.edu/newsletters/2003/Spring/finaldx.shtml. Retrieved on 21/12/2009
3: Prevent harmful effects of mycotoxins from impacting the health of your horse and feed performance.Mycotoxins Equine,: By Trevor K. Smith, PhD, Pag www.ecmagazine.net/…/mycotoxin2.jpg Retrieved on 21/12/2009
4: Moulds and mycotoxins in maize grain: Jim Stack, Extension Research Institute Division of Agriculture plant pathologist and Natural Resources, University of Nebraska-Lincoln cooperating with the counties and the United Kingdom Department of State Agriculture.http: / / cbc.homestead.com / Archives.html, Retrieved on 21/12/2009
6: Varishta: www.varshagroup.com
7: Evaluation of Fusarium graminearum pathogenicity in mice. Kedar B. Karki: PP14, Vetcon 2003, 7th Conference national veterinary 2003, Nepal Veterinary Association.
Acknowledgement:
We would like to acknowledge Dr.Damodar Sedai Chief Veterinary Officer, Dr.Salina Manandhar, Raj Panday Dr.Pragya Dr.Krishna Koirala Veterinary laboratory technician and all for their contribution in the laboratory and research work.
About the Author
Senior Vet.Officer,Central Veterinary Laboratory Kathmandu Nepal M.V.St. Preventive Veterinary Mrdicine
~My New Horse?~
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